Climate India 2025: An Assessment of Extreme Weather Events
ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଆକର୍ଷଣ
In the first nine months of the year 2025, India experienced extreme weather events on 99 per cent of the days. This record-breaking data is from Climate India 2025: An assessment of extreme weather events report published on November 11, 2025, by Centre for Science and Environment, Delhi and Down to Earth magazine. The report has been authored by Rajit Sengupta and Kiran Pandey.
Extreme weather events have been defined as occurrences that are “rare at a particular place and time of year” and include lightning, thunderstorms, heavy rainfall, landslides, floods, coldwaves, heatwaves, and more. This report aims to present data on the frequency and geography of extreme weather events in India. It analyses records from January to September 2025.
The extreme weather events have been defined and analysed according to region, season, and disaster. The details have been presented along with markers of extent and damage which includes, human deaths, animal deaths, crop area affected and houses damaged.
This 58-page document is divided into six sections: Executive Summary (Section 1); Regional analysis (Section 2); Seasonal analysis (Section 3); Disaster-wise analysis (Section 4); Comparative analysis (2022-25) (Section 5); and Temperature anomalies in capital cities (Section 6).
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Extreme weather events led to the loss of 4,064 lives, affected 9.47 million hectares of crops, destroyed 99,533 houses, and killed about 58,982 animals.
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In the first nine months of 2025, India recorded extreme weather on 270 of 273 days. This was more than in the same period studied in the year 2024 (255 days with extreme weather), 2023 (235 days with extreme weather), and 2022 (241 days with extreme weather).
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The report notes that the year 2025 broke several climate records. January was India’s fifth driest since 1901, while February was marked to be the warmest in 124 years.
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All 36 states and union territories studied in this report experienced extreme weather events. The report adds that events that once occurred once in a century are now happening every few years. Of the seven types of extreme weather events analysed (lightning and storm; heavy rain, flood and landslide; heatwave; coldwave; snowfall; cloudburst; and cyclone), India experienced six of those between January and September 2025. It experienced all extreme weathers barring cyclone.
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Among all the states in the country, Himachal Pradesh experienced the highest days with extreme weather events. This amounted to almost 80 per cent of the 273 days in the first nine months of 2025.
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Madhya Pradesh recorded the highest number of human fatalities at 532 deaths, followed by Andhra Pradesh (484 deaths) and Jharkhand (478 deaths).
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Extreme weather was experienced on 91 of 92 pre-monsoon days in 2025, across 35 states and UTs. Heavy rain, floods, and landslides occurred on 86 days, lightning and storms on 83, heatwaves on 41, cloudbursts on 2, and snowfall on 1 day. India witnessed extreme weather on all 122 monsoon days in 2025, with heavy rain, floods, and landslides occurring daily.
ଫ୍ୟାକ୍ଟଏଡସ
ଲେଖକ
Kiran Pandey and Rajit Sengupta
କପିରାଇଟ୍
Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, and Down to Earth
ପ୍ରକାଶନ ତାରିଖ
ନଭେମ୍ବର, 2025