Rahul M.

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“A farmer’s 500 rupee note is always soiled and fading.
Or it is at least folded,” says P. Umesh, who sells fertilisers in drought-affected
Tadimarri
 
 mandal
 
 of Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh.
 
 Until recently, Umesh had almost never seen a crisp
new Rs. 500 with his customers – farmers who purchase seeds and fertilisers
from his shop in Tadimarri village. So he was alarmed when, on November 23, a
farmer proffered four good-looking 500 rupee notes for past fertiliser
purchases. The notes were printed in 2014.
 
 “If they were in circulation for two years, it’s
impossible for them to look this new,” he surmised. Umesh’s first guess was
that they were fakes. Although fake notes in Tadimarri were rare before the November
8 demonetisation, he had spotted a few given by the people who frequent his
shop. So Umesh put these brand new notes to test in his money-counter. They weren’t
fakes.

Rahul_M_04.jpg

He was stumped. He soon noticed that the notes had
sequential numbering – as if they were fresh from a bank. So he reasoned that unused
money had emerged from a hidden stack.  He suspects that large amounts of black money are
being used by  Anatapur’s traders and
those from nearby districts or from Tamil Nadu to buy crops from the farmers in
the 11 villages of Tadimarri
 
 mandal
 
 , where
the population of
 <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2822_PART_B_DCHB_ANANTAPUR.pdf">
 32,
385
 </a>
 is entirely rural and literacy levels are low.
 Except for a few like Umesh, demonetisation has adversely affected everyone
in Tadimarri village. And because Umesh accepts the old currency (which he
deposits in his bank account as a legitimate part of his income), farmers here
are quickly repaying their long due fertiliser payments.
 
 Meanwhile, not far from the fertiliser outlet, the liquor stores in Tadimarri
village are doing brisk business too – because these shops, authorised as well
as unauthorised, are also accepting the old notes.
 
 “This is the 50 rupees we got back,” a slightly inebriated China
Ganganna shows us. He has just used up a 1000 rupee note to buy alcohol – to be
shared among eight other jobless agricultural labourers. To change a Rs. 500
note, at least Rs. 400 worth of alcohol must be purchased.
 
 Many in Tadimarri are finding that the easiest way to change their old
currency notes is by buying alcohol. “I used to drink
a quarter bottle every day [after work],” says S. Nagabhushanam, who drivers
tractors on farmers’ fields. A quarter of country liquor here costs between Rs.
60-80. Nagabhushanam now drinks about 4-5 times more than his usual quota. His daily wage
is Rs. 500 – but he is presently jobless, so all he has of his earnings are the
old notes. He spends these at the liquor shop.
 
 Like Nagabhushanam, agricultural
labourers in Tadimarri are having a hard time finding work. The groundnut crop
has been dismal this year due to a deficient monsoon in Anantapur. Many farmers
have lost their crops, and paid work days for agricultural labourers have
decreased.
 
 Farmers in Tadimarri
 
 mandal
 
 harvest their groundnut crop after
Diwali, around November, and continue to sell it through December. The farmers
don’t pay the agricultural labourers working on their fields every day or every
week. The labourers’ accumulated wages are paid only after the season’s harvest.
So the farmers require large sums during this time of the year.
 
 The farmers also use this money to repay their informal loans among
themselves, which are taken at a 2 per cent per month interest rate. “If we
don’t pay this money now, the interest will keep increasing,” says T. Brahmananda
Reddy, a farmer who owns around 16 acres of land in Tadimarri village.
 
 Reddy sold his groundnut crop a week after demonetisation,
and was paid in old notes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 by traders from other districts.
He has deposited the money in his account, but needs a bulk amount of the new
notes to pay his debts and his labourers – and these notes are still scarce at
the three banks in Tadimarri
 
 mandal
 
 .

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Reddy and other farmers pay a daily wage of Rs. 200 to each agricultural
labourer during the harvest season. At times, the rate can go up to Rs. 450,
depending on the type of work and the demand for labourers. 
 Now that work has fallen short and legal currency has all but disappeared,
the labourers are suffering. “We haven’t been paid for nearly a month,”
Narayana Swamy, an agricultural labourer without work for the day, complains.
 
 “But once in a while, whenever a drunk [or desperate] labourer demands
money, we pay them in 500 and 1000 denominations to save our pride,” says V. Sudhakar,
a groundnut farmer who owns 22 acres.
 
 Most agricultural labourers can’t afford to go to the banks and stand in
the long queues instead of looking for work. Many don’t even have bank
accounts. So those who don’t get work for the day take their few old Rs. 500
and 1000 notes to a familiar place that still accepts these denominations: the local
liquor store.

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“To not feel the pain [from strenuous work on the fields] we must drink,”
says Swamy, who has already had a few by 10 a.m. Often, farmers encourage this
habit of drinking – they see it as part of getting their work done more
effectively.
 “We give them about 30 or 40 rupees every day, excluding their wages
[which are paid at the end of the season], so that they can buy their
three-ounce [of alcohol] for the day,” says Sudhakar. This mutual understanding
makes a labourer trust his employer and come back to work the next morning, even
though the farmer doesn’t pay the actual wage.
 
 Meanwhile, labourers in Tadimarri who usually had a drink only in the
evening after work, are now seeking alcohol throughout the day whenever they
can’t find work – and paying for it with their remaining old Rs. 500 notes.

Drinking away demonetisation

നോട്ടുനിരോധനത്തെ മദ്യപിച്ച് തോൽപ്പിക്കുന്നവർ

নোটবাতিলের জেরে নেশাগ্রস্ত তাড়িমার্রী

ବିମୁଦ୍ରିକରଣକୁ ଫୁ’

नोटाबंदी रिचवताना

বিমুদ্রাকৰণ বিপৰ্যয় বুৰ গল সুৰাৰ বন্যাত

குடியோடு கலந்த பணமதிப்பு நீக்கம்

ನೋಟು ರದ್ಧತಿಯನ್ನು ಕುಡಿದು ಮರೆತದ್ದು

نوٹ بندی کو پینے والے

Tadimarri

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Drinking away demonetisation

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