At 34, Junali Risong is a master apong brewer. “Some days I can make over 30 litres of apong ,” she says. Most brewers can manage only a few litres every week. The process is entirely manual.

Junali’s brewery is her three-room house and backyard near Garamur, a town in Majuli island on the Brahmaputra river in Assam. The house is next to a small pond formed by the overflow of the mighty river that floods regularly.

It’s 6 a.m. when we catch her at work, and the sun is already high up in the sky in this eastern part of India. Junali is preparing the wood fire in the backyard to start the brewing process. Her tools and materials are stowed inside the house.

A fermented drink, apong is brewed by people of the Mising community, a Scheduled Tribe in Assam. It is had with meals, and as Mising Bharat Chandi says, “For us Mising people, if there is no apong we can’t go ahead with any puja or festival.” Chandi is the owner of Majuli Kitchen, a homestyle eatery in Garamur market.

The pale cream-coloured drink made of rice and herbs is almost exclusively produced by Mising women like Junali, who sell it to shops and hotels in Garamur. “Men don’t like to do this. They find the work  physically demanding and the gathering of herbs and leaves tiresome,” says Junali, laughing.

PHOTO • Priti David

Junali Risong heating a large cauldron of water in which rice will be added and cooked in preparation for the apong

PHOTO • Priti David

Junali is burning poro (paddy stalks) on a metal sheet on the ground near her home. It was lit at 6 a.m. and will burn for 3-4 hours after which the ashes will be mixed into the cooked rice

Junali’s husband, Urbor Risong, owns a shop in the market area, a five-minute walk from their home. Their 19-year-old son, Mridu Pabong Risong, is studying hotel management in Jorhat, which is an hour away by ferry across the Brahmaputra.

It was Junali’s mother-in-law, Deepti Risong, who taught her to make apong . There are two kinds: nongzin apong , with just rice as the main ingredient; and poro apong , with the added flavour of burnt paddy stalks. A litre of apong sells for Rs.100, and earns the maker roughly half that amount.

With over a decade of practice behind her, Junali knows the routine by now. When PARI met her in her hamlet in Kamlabari block of Majuli district, she was making poro apong . She had begun early, around 5:30 in the morning, by lighting 10-15 kilos of paddy stalks on fire and letting them smoulder and burn gently on a tin sheet in her backyard. “It takes 3-4 hours to burn,” she tells us as she bustles around, lighting the fire to cook the rice. Sometimes she starts the process even earlier, setting the stalks to burn slowly overnight.

Near the smouldering stalks, Junali places a large cauldron of water on the fire. When it begins to bubble, she lifts and pours 25 kilos  of rice into it, a few kilos at time. “This work does give me a little pain in my back,” she admits.

During Assamese festivals – Magh Bihu, Bohag Bihu and Kati Bihu – when large quantities of the beer are in demand, Junali gets busy, sometimes making two rounds in a single day

Watch the video: Brewing poro apong, the Mising community’s traditional rice beer

Two fires are live and Junali moves briskly, alternately giving attention to the boiling rice and also stirring the smoking stalks with a long wooden pole so that the heat spreads evenly. Stirring 25 kilos of boiling rice is not easy, and Junali grunts a little as she does it. The rice was bought at the ration shop. “We also grow rice, but we keep it to eat ourselves,” she says.

It will take about 30 minutes for the rice to cook, and when it is slightly cooled, Junali will mix it with ash of the burnt stalks. The process sounds easy but involves kneading and mashing the steaming rice with warm ash. She will use her bare hands for this, spreading the mixture in a bamboo basket. “It cools faster in this basket. We have to mix the ash and rice while still hot or it won’t mix,” Junali explains, barely wincing at the mixture scalding her palms.

While kneading, Junali adds the herbs she has prepared for the apong . “A hundred herbs and leaves go into this,” she says. Unwilling to share all her secrets, she does add that some of the leaves are known among the Mising for lowering blood pressure and improving digestion. But that is all she reveals.

In the daytime, Junali walks around Garamur and picks up the leaves and herbs she needs. “I dry them and run them in my mixie [mixer grinder] to make a powder, which I make into little [fist-sized] balls. I use around 15-16 balls of dried and powdered herbs in my apong ,” she says. Born in Phutuki, a hamlet barely a kilometre away from her marital home, Junali knows the area well.
PHOTO • Priti David
PHOTO • Riya Behl

Junali pouring raw rice (left) into the boiling cauldron of water. She uses a long wooden pole (right) to stir the rice as it cooks

PHOTO • Riya Behl

Junali must keep stirring the smoking paddy stalks so that the heat spreads evenly and it doesn't turn to ash

After the mixture in the bamboo basket cools, it is stored in plastic bags in Junali’s home for roughly 20 days. “I will know from the smell [of fermentation] when it is ready,” she says. It’s then time for the final step in brewing: the fermented mixture of ash, cooked rice and herbs is placed in a cone-shaped basket lined with banana leaf and suspended over a vessel. Water is poured into the basket, and the beer formed by the mixture will drip into the container below. The 25 kilos of rice will yield around 30-34 litres of apong .

During Assamese festivals – Magh Bihu in January, Bohag Bihu in April and Kati Bihu in October – when large quantities of the beer are in demand, Junali gets busy, sometimes making two rounds in a single day. Also during the Mising festival Ali-Aye-Ligang.

Junali earns not only from brewing and selling apong . She also does laundry for a nearby hotel, cooks and serves Mising food, breeds 200 chickens for eggs, and even supplies hot water in buckets to the small homestays nearby. Making apong , she says, brings in a comfortable income. “If I put a 1,000 rupees in, I can get 3,000 back,” she says. “That’s why I like to do this.”
PHOTO • Riya Behl

The cooked rice topped with burnt paddy stalks is now ready to be shifted to a big bamboo basket for the next stage of preparation


PHOTO • Priti David

Junali uses a metal plate to remove the cooked rice from the cauldron and shift it to a large bamboo plate to cool


PHOTO • Priti David

The steaming mix of rice and burnt paddy is ready to be mixed with her special collection of powdered  herbs


PHOTO • Riya Behl

Using just her bare hands, Junali fluffs the rice smashing any lumps and mashing in the herbs


PHOTO • Riya Behl

Junali enjoying a quiet moment in her otherwise busy morning


PHOTO • Riya Behl

' A hundred herbs and leaves go into this [ apong ] , ' says Junali, unwilling to name all of them


PHOTO • Riya Behl

Some of the leaves are known among the Mising for lowering blood pressure and improving digestion


PHOTO • Priti David

'I dry them [the herbs] and run them in my mixie [mixer grinder] to make a powder which I make into little [fist-sized] balls. I use around 15-16 balls of dried and powdered herbs in my apong, ' she says


PHOTO • Priti David

The herbs and leaves are dried and pounded into a powder that is said to add flavour and strength to apong


PHOTO • Priti David

The fermenting rice is placed in a yellow plastic sheet and set aside for 15-20 days

PHOTO • Priti David

In the corner of her kitchen, Junali has a conical bamboo basket standing on a metal tripod. This is the apparatus she uses for brewing the apong


PHOTO • Priti David
PHOTO • Priti David

A close-up of the brewing apparatus (left) and the beer collecting in a pan (right)


PHOTO • Priti David

Bharat Chandi serves Mising food at his restaurant, Majuli Kitchen, in Garamur


PHOTO • Priti David

Junali standing outside her home in Garamur on Majuli island in Assam


Priti David

ప్రీతి డేవిడ్ పీపుల్స్ ఆర్కైవ్ ఆఫ్ రూరల్ ఇండియాలో జర్నలిస్ట్, PARI ఎడ్యుకేషన్ సంపాదకురాలు. ఆమె గ్రామీణ సమస్యలను తరగతి గదిలోకీ, పాఠ్యాంశాల్లోకీ తీసుకురావడానికి అధ్యాపకులతోనూ; మన కాలపు సమస్యలను డాక్యుమెంట్ చేయడానికి యువతతోనూ కలిసి పనిచేస్తున్నారు.

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Photographs : Riya Behl

రియా బెహల్ పీపుల్స్ ఆర్కైవ్ ఆఫ్ రూరల్ ఇండియా (PARI)లో సీనియర్ అసిస్టెంట్ ఎడిటర్. మల్టీమీడియా జర్నలిస్ట్‌గా ఆమె జండర్, విద్య గురించి రాస్తారు. PARI కోసం నివేదించే విద్యార్థులతోనూ, PARI కథనాలను తరగతి గదిలోకి తీసుకువెళ్ళడం కోసం అధ్యాపకులతో కూడా రియా సన్నిహితంగా పనిచేస్తారు.

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Editor : Vinutha Mallya

వినుత మాల్యా పీపుల్స్ ఆర్కైవ్ ఆఫ్ రూరల్ ఇండియాలో కన్సల్టింగ్ ఎడిటర్. ఆమె జనవరి నుండి డిసెంబర్ 2022 వరకు ఫాఋఈ ఎడిటోరియల్ చీఫ్‌గా ఉన్నారు.

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