Jyoti

P. Sainath

Editor

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While every corner of Mumbai gets linked to the
Metro and the expressways, residents of Damu Nagar struggle with a much shorter
commute – but a far more difficult connection. That is: accessing the field
where they still have to defecate in the open. They have to, as residents point
out, step over a one-foot wall, then walk through a pile of garbage with a
strong smell of faecal matter in the air. It’s an open field with dry grass,
and maybe the few trees here provide a little shade for some privacy?

Not really. “There’s no such thing as privacy here,”
says Mira Yede, 51, a long-time resident of Damu Nagar. “If we women hear any
footsteps, we have to stand up.” Over the years, the field has been notionally
divided into left and right sections for women and men to use, respectively.
But, says Mira, “it’s too short a distance: A few metres away, maybe. Who has
measured it anyway?” There is no physical barrier or wall between the two
sections.

For the residents of Damu Nagar, many of them first
or second generation rural migrants, this is an issue that outlasts elections
in this part of the Mumbai North constituency. One that bothers them even as
India is seeing phased voting to elect 543 members of parliament to its 18th
Lok Sabha. And yet, says Mira’s son Prakash Yede, “today a narrative is created
that everything is good in the country.” 
Prakash is talking to us on the threshold of his residence which
has a metal sheet for a roof that probably raises the heat within by a few
degrees. 

“Nobody wants to speak about real problems in these
parts of the country,” says 30-year-old Prakash. He draws attention to how Damu
Nagar’s 11,000 plus residents cope with discomfort and risks arising from no
access to toilets, water, electricity. Damu Nagar, a slum also known and recorded
as Bhim Nagar in the Census, holds over 2,300 homes of rickety walls, tarpaulins
and roofing sheets. These are perched on a hillock within the Sanjay Gandhi
National Park. You have to climb up to the houses through narrow, uneven, rocky
paths, trying not to step into the flowing drainage water.

Yet,
like in previous elections, the votes of people here are not just about the
lack of the most basic amenities. 

“It’s
all about news. News should be truthful. And the media are not telling the
truth about people like us,” says Prakash Yede. He grumbles about misinformation,
fake and biased news. “People will vote on the basis of what they hear and see.
And what they hear and see - is all praise for Prime Minister Modi.”

Prakash
himself sources most of his information from advertisement-free and independent
journalism platforms. “Many of my age here are jobless. They are engaged in housekeeping
and manual labour jobs. Very few, with a 12th pass, are in white collar jobs,” he
says about unemployment among youth, a countrywide concern. 

Prakash
completed Class 12 and used to work as a photo editor for a private firm in
Malad for a monthly salary of Rs. 15,000 – until Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology
rendered his role redundant. “Around 50 employees were sacked. It’s been a
month since I too have been jobless,” he says. 

Nationwide, the share of educated youth among
all unemployed people also increased, from 54.2 per cent in 2000 to 65.7 per cent in 2022, the <a href="https://webapps.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---sro-new_delhi/documents/publication/wcms_921154.pdf">India Employment Report 2024</a> tells us. That report was released in Delhi on
March 26, by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Institute of
Human Development (IHD).

Prakash’s
income was a milestone in his family’s progress, one he had only achieved in
the last couple of years. And his was a story of a triumph following a tragedy.
In 2015,
 Damu Nagar was engulfed
<a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/fire-breaks-out-in-a-godown-in-mumbais-kandivali-area/article10128938.ece">in a fire</a> due to a series of cooking gas cylinder
blasts. The Yede family was amongst those who suffered. “We fled with only the
clothes on our body. Everything else turned into ashes – documents, jewellery,
furniture, utensils, electronics,” recalls Mira. 

“Vinod
Tawade [then education minister of Maharashtra and MLA from the Borivali Assembly constituency] had promised that we will get a pucca house in a month,” says Prakash remembering the assurance
they received after the deadly fire. 

It’s
been eight years since that promise. After that, they voted in the 2019 General
Elections and in the state assembly polls the same year. Life remained the
same. Prakash’s grandparents were landless agricultural labourers from Jalna
district who migrated to Mumbai in the 1970s. 

His
father, Dnyandev, 58, still works as a painter and mother Mira is a contractual
safai karamchari. She collects garbage from households. “Including Prakash’s
salary,” says Mira, “three of us were able to earn 30,000 rupees a month. With prices
of cylinders, oil, grains and food items [still not as high as they are now] we
had just begun to manage well,” says Mira.

Each time their efforts at rebuilding their
lives began to work, new disasters would strike. “After the fire, there was
demonetisation. Then corona and lockdown. There was no relief from the
government,” she says.

The
 Modi government’s “Housing for All (Urban)” scheme under
the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Mission aimed at providing houses to all
eligible families by 2022. Prakash has been trying to see that his family is
‘eligible.’

“I
keep trying to avail the scheme’s benefits for my family. But with no income
proof and valid documents, I might never be eligible for it,” he says. 

He
finds even more troubling the  state
government’s <a href="https://student.maharashtra.gov.in/adm_portal/app/webroot/uploads/Guideline_2024_2025.pdf">notification</a> to alter the rules of the Right to Education (<a href="https://student.maharashtra.gov.in/adm_portal/app/webroot/uploads/RTE_Act_27082009.pdf">RTE</a>) act for the state of Maharashtra
made in February this year (2024). According to this notification, if a government or
government-aided school exists within one kilometre of the child’s
residence, he or she must take admission there. This means private, including
English-medium schools, are barred from giving  admission within the RTE’s 25 per cent quota for
children from marginalised communities. “That actually stands the RTE Act on
its head,” Prof. Sudhir Paranjape of the Anudanit Shiksha Bachao Samiti (Save
the Aided Schools Association) told PARI.

“With
such decisions, we can&#39;t afford quality education. The only law, which would
guarantee that, no longer exists [with this notification]. How will we progress
then?” he asks, anguished.

Quality education for the
next generation is the only way forward for Prakash and others in Damu Nagar. And
there is little doubt about the marginalised status of Damu Nagar’s children. The
majority of residents here, some of whom have been living in this slum for four
decades, are neo-Buddhists – that is, Dalits. For many, their grandparents and
parents migrated to Mumbai from Jalna and Solapur during the great 1972 drought
that ravaged the state.

It&#39;s not only the RTE
that is difficult to avail and sustain. Prakash’s neighbour Abasaheb Mhaske’s
efforts to build his small ‘Light Bottle’ venture, has also failed. “These
schemes exist only in name,” says 43-year-old Mhaske. “I tried getting a loan
from the Mudra Yojna. But I couldn’t get it. Because I was blacklisted. I had
missed one – just one – EMI on my previous loan of 10,000 rupees from a bank.”

PARI has been regularly
reporting on the situation of access to various health and welfare schemes for the
rural and urban poor. Read:<a> </a><a href="https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/articles/when-free-treatment-comes-at-a-hefty-price/">When free treatment comes at a hefty price</a> and<a> </a><a href="https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/articles/my-grandchildren-will-build-their-own-house/">My grandchildren will build their own house</a>.  

Mhaske runs his workshop
and his family in a 10x10 feet room. To the left, as you enter, is the kitchen
and mori (bathroom). Adjacent to it,
all the materials required to decorate the bottles are systematically stored in
cabinets.



“I sell these lights
by roaming around Kandivali and Malad.” He collects empty wine bottles from
wine shops and scrap dealers. “Vimal [his wife] helps clean, wash and dry them.
Then I decorate each bottle with artificial flowers and threads. I attach wiring
and batteries,” he says, and briefly explains the process of making ‘Light Bottles.
‘First, I install four LR44 batteries connected to copper wire LED light
strings. Then I push that light inside the bottle, alongside some artificial
flowers. And the lamp is ready. You can operate it with an on-off switch on the
battery.&quot; He brings an artistic touch to these decorative lights that some
people fancy for their households.



“I am passionate about art,
and I want to expand my skills, so that I can earn more and give a good
education to my three daughters,” says Abasaheb Mhaske. Each bottle costs
between 30 to 40 rupees to make. Mhaske sells each light for 200 rupees. His
daily earnings are often less than 500 rupees. “I make 10,000 to 12,000 rupees a
month after working for all 30 days,” Which means he averages sales of just
around two bottles a day. “Hard to feed a family of five on that,” he says.
Mhaske is originally from Thergaon village in Jalna taluka.

He returns alone to
his village around June each year to cultivate soyabean and jowari on his one-and-a-half-acre
farm. “I always fail. Never get a good yield with poor rain,” he complains.
Mhaske has stopped farming for the last couple of years.

Prakash, Mira, Mhaske
and other residents  of the Damu Nagar
slum are a tiny, almost negligible fraction of India’s over <a href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6190">65 million slum dwellers</a> recorded in Census
2011.  But, together with other slum
dwellers, they account for a sizeable number of votes in the R/S
 municipal ward of which they are a part. 

“Slums are a different
duniya (world) of rural migrants,” says Abasaheb.

On May 20, the people of Kandivali will vote for the Mumbai North Lok Sabha
seat. The sitting member of parliament from this constituency, the Bhartiya Janata
Party’s Gopal Shetty, won by <a href="https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13597-4-list-of-successful-candidate/">a margin</a> of over four and a half lakh votes against the Congress
party’s Urmila Matondkar in 2019.

This time around, the BJP
denied Gopal Shetty the ticket. Instead, union minister Piyush Goyal is
contesting from Mumbai North. “BJP won twice [2014 and 2019] here. Before that
it was Congress. But from what I see, BJP’s decisions are not in favour of the
poor,” Abasaheb Mhaske says.

Mira
Yede is suspicious of EVMs and finds paper ballots more credible. “I find this
voting machine bogus. That paper voting was better. That way, I got more
assurance of who I voted for,” says Mira.

Unemployed Prakash’s
views on news and misinformation; safai karamchari Mira’s lack of trust in EVMs;
and Mhaske’s failed efforts to set up his own small venture with government
schemes. Each has a story to tell.



“I hope to vote for a
good candidate who really echoes our concerns,” says Prakash.



“Whoever has won so
far, it never brought any development for us. Our struggle was the same. Whoever
we voted for. It is only our own hard work that sustains us, not that of the
winning leader We only have to put in the efforts to build up life, not the
winning leader,” Mira remarks.



“I feel this election is
not only for the basic amenities. But to retain the rights of deprived citizens
like us,” Abasaheb concludes. In other words, the people of Damu Nagar will be
voting for democracy.

Damu Nagar will be voting for democracy

جمہوریت کو بچانے کے لیے ووٹ کرے گا دامو نگر

ప్రజాస్వామ్యానికి వోటేయనున్న దాము నగర్

ஜனநாயகத்துக்கு வாக்களிக்கும் டாமு நகர்

ਦਾਮੂ ਨਗਰ ਵਾਸੀ ਲੋਕਤੰਤਰ ਨੂੰ ਬਚਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਵੋਟ ਪਾਉਣਗੇ

ଗଣତନ୍ତ୍ର ପାଇଁ ମତଦାନ କରିବ ଦାମୁ ନଗର

ദാമുനഗർ ജനാധിപത്യത്തിന് വോട്ട് ചെയ്യും

ದಾಮು ನಗರ ಈ ಬಾರಿ ಪ್ರಜಾಪ್ರಭುತ್ವಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಮತ ಚಲಾಯಿಸಲಿದೆ

लोकतंत्र के पक्ष में दामू नगर का वोट

દામુ નગર લોકશાહીની તરફેણમાં મતદાન કરશે

दामू नगर लोकत्रंत्र बचाय सेती डारही वोट

मुंबई: झुग्गी बस्ती के भोट अबकी लोकतंत्र के नाम

এবার ভোটে গণতন্ত্রের চিহ্নে ছাপ দেবে দামু নগর

দামু নগৰে গণতন্ত্ৰৰ বাবে ভোট দিব

दामूनगरचं मत लोकशाहीला

Kandivali

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Younger, media-saturated generations are growing up knowing little about their country, but a lot about the elites of a few metros and towns. For a narrowly-owned, commercially-driven media, the dumbing down of a nation is part of standard operating procedure. The last available data of the Centre for Media Studies (CMS, Delhi) show us that reports from New Delhi account for 66 per cent of news on the front pages of major dailies. The CMS data also found that just about 0.24 per cent of front page news came out of rural India. The TV channels are not much better.PARI exists to change that.We are a non-profit organisation. We publish under creative commons, and do not charge readers a subscription fee or put-up advertisements. Nothing is behind a paywall and we are completely free-to-access by anyone. We guard our independence and receive no direct grants from governments and corporations, nor any funding that could dictate our content. So, we are dependent on volunteer labour, donations from individuals, foundations and institutions that see value in independent and free media.PARI is changing the way Indian journalism reports and documents the rural.India is more than the elite of a few metros and towns. We report on rural lives and livelihoods, languages, communities, migrants and more. We need your help to pull off this most ambitious of Indian journalistic endeavours. The scale of this effort costs money. Donate generously - and spread the word about PARI.&nbsp;

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Damu Nagar will be voting for democracy

For the residents of Damu Nagar slum in the Mumbai North parliamentary constituency, the General Elections 2024 is about voting to protect the rights of the marginalised

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