Purusottam Thakur

Sharmila Joshi

Text Editor

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The trek back home is
arduous. The women will halt for the night at Bhatbeda, begin walking again in
the morning, and reach the hilltop hamlet of Rajnairi by dusk. It will have
taken them two full days to return to their village from the haat (weekly market),
just as it took two days of walking across undulating terrain to reach the
weekly market at Orchha.

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In the process, the women of the Abhuj Maria tribal
community will cover over 40 kilometres on foot across dust paths in the heavily forested Narayanpur
district of Chhattisgarh in central India. Their home, Abhujmadh, covers more
than 4,000 square kilometres in a region that is prone to violent clashes
between Maoist guerrillas and Indian security forces. The conflict has made
people easily suspicious and scared, so we have left out identifying details.

Earlier, in the bustling weekly market at Orchha,
we talked to some of the women, all in distinctive attire – a wraparound
garment and a towel-like cloth around their blouse, and wearing ornaments of
shiny white metal or silver. A few carry
babies in slings. Most of the men wear a shirt and a
 
 lungi
 
 around the waist. Others, in trousers and shirts, are either local government officials, outsiders, traders or security personnel in plainclothes.

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The women talked to us, shyly at first, in Gondi. Two
Gond tribal boys, who were accompanying us, helped translate the conversation
into Hindi. The women said they bring forest produce from near their homes to
sell in the market – bamboo brooms,
 
 charoli
 
 seeds,
tamarind, local varieties of bananas and tomatoes – all in small quantities.

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They also bring cocoons to sell. Abujhmadh has
cocoons in abundance; these are the raw material for the famous Kosa silk saris
made in Chhattisgarh’s northern plains of Bilaspur, Raigarh and Korba.
 With the Rs. 50 or so the women earn by selling these items, they buy oil,
soap, chillies, salt, potatoes, onions and other essentials. Just like the
produce they bring to sell, they buy these items too in small quantities, to
fit into their modest sling bags.
 
 At the market in Orchha
 
 ,
 
 not
only will you find seasonal roots, green leaves and a wide variety of wild fruits,
but also cheap mobile handsets, solar lights, battery-operated lights, table
lamps and search lights. Even the occasional mini-inverter is sold here,
because there is no electricity in many of the villages of the Madh.

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And because there is no cellular network in the remote
hills, a local vendor tells us, the Adivasis use the mobile phones to listen to
music, take photographs and videos, and as a torch.
 Abhujmadh – the name means an unknown or mystery hill – stretches from
Maharashtra’s Gadchiroli district to the west, to Chhattisgarh’s Bijapur
districts in the south and Bastar in the east. The region is home to many of
India’s tribal communities, including Gond, Muriya, Abhuj Maria and Halba. The Abhuj Maria
population, according to independent and official estimates, seems to be in
decline.
 
 It is mostly hilly terrain, with many streams and
dense undergrowth. The people are warm and welcoming. But the idyllic-looking
locale is difficult to travel across or live in. Suvojit Bagchi, who has
reported on Abhujmadh several times as a correspondent for the BBC, says, “The
area is cut off for four months of the year due to rain, and we do not know how
many die due to diarrhoea in that period… Every other person gets malaria throughout
the year. I have never seen a functional school where teachers teach, there are
no health care facilities,
and basic treatment is sometimes provided only by the mobile squad of Maoists
and a few local quacks.”

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Everyone is afraid of police operations in the fringe
areas, and if the villages are depicted as idyllic, it must be only in the old diaries of
anthropologists, not in real life,” Bagchi says.
 The roads into Abhujmadh end at Orchha. Locals
often travel nearly 70 kilometres to reach the
 
 haat
 
 , the only market in this vast region. The Adivasis
get even their public distribution system rations at this market – and school
children themselves come to collect the rice and
 
 dal
 
 for
their mid-day meals.

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For a while, volunteers of the Ramakrishna Mission had
some access to the area, but the government stopped them from distributing food grains to the Adivasis.
 Most children in the market look severely
malnourished. We also see small girls from the local tribal ashram school
buying vegetables. And we see UNICEF volunteers with the kids who come with
their parents from the faraway hamlets of Abhujmadh. Women, especially mothers, are malnourished too. The UNICEF workers say they take the opportunity of the weekly
market to do a round of health check-ups, a difficult task otherwise
considering the inaccessibility of the villages.

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There is another attraction at the Orchha
 
 haat
 
 : rice liquor (
 
 londa
 
 ),
 
 sulfi, taadi,
 
 
 mahua
 
 and other local brews are
sold in a section called the Londa market.
 The market is also a space for village-mates to relax at the end of the day and
have a drink. Young and old alike share equal portions of drink with their
family members and share their sad and happy memories.

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For journalists like me, the
 
 haat
 
 is also a collective place to pick up news that cannot
be easily gathered from every village – information on agricultural produce, imported products, and the people’s changing abilities to sell, buy,
exchange and survive.
 
 Translated from Hindi by Ruchi Varshneya.

A day at Orchha haat

ओरछाच्या बाजारातला एक दिवस

ଅର୍ଛା ହାଟରେ ଦିନେ

ওরছা হাটে একটা দিন

ஒர்ச்சா ஹாட்டில் ஒரு நாள்

اورچھا ہاٹ میں ایک دن

Orchha

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A day at Orchha haat

Abhuj Maria women in Chhattisgarh walk across difficult terrain for two days to reach the weekly market

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